FLINT is a series of Yb-based femtosecond oscillators providing state-of-the-art output parameters. Backed by the proven industrial-grade design that is the core of the PHAROS and CARBIDE laser series, FLINT oscillators ensure excellent performance and stability over a long time.

The latest FLINT-FL2 oscillators offer output power of up to 20 W, pulse energy of up to 0.6 µJ, and pulse duration of down to 50 fs at the repetition rate of 11, 20, 40, or 76 MHz. Also, the second harmonic is available with an automated and fully integrated harmonic generator, while the third and fourth harmonic is obtainable with an external harmonic generator. The FLINT-FL1 oscillators support carrier-envelope phase (CEP) stabilization or repetition rate locking (RRL) to an external source with the repetition rate selection from 60 to 100 MHz. FLINT models come in standard and short-pulse (SP) configurations to fit the needs of most industrial and scientific applications.

Output Characteristics

Model	FL1			FL2-SP				FL2
Key feature	RRL or CEP	Compact footprint		Short pulse				High power and high energy
Pulse duration ¹⁾	< 100 fs		< 120 fs	< 50 fs				< 120 fs		< 170 fs
Repetition rate	60 – 100 MHz ²⁾			11 MHz	20 MHz	40 MHz	76 MHz	11 MHz	20 MHz	40 MHz	76 MHz
Maximum output power	1 W	2 W	8 W	5 W				7 W		20 W
Maximum pulse energy	13 nJ ³⁾	26 nJ ³⁾	105 nJ ³⁾	440 nJ	250 nJ	125 nJ	65 nJ	0.6 µJ	0.35 µJ	0.5 µJ	0.26 µJ
Center wavelength	1035 ± 10 nm		1030 ± 3 nm	1035 ± 10 nm				1030 ± 10 nm			1026 ± 2 nm
Polarization	Linear, horizontal
Beam quality, M²	< 1.2			< 1.3				< 1.2
Beam pointing stability	< 10 µrad/°C
Pulse-to-pulse energy stability, 24 h ⁴⁾	< 0.5%
Long-term power stability, 100 h ⁴⁾	< 0.5%
Integrated 2H generator ⁵⁾	n/a							Optional; conversion efficiency > 30%
External 2H, 3H, or 4H generator ⁵⁾	Optional, refer to HIRO for FLINT
Integrated attenuator	n/a			Included

Models with shorter pulse duration available upon request.
Standard repetition rate is 76 MHz; custom repetition rate can be selected from the given range.
Depends on repetition rate. Approximate values are given for 76 MHz.
With enabled power-lock, under stable. Expressed as NRMSD (normalized root mean squared deviation).
For external 2H, or even 3H and 4H generation, refer to HIRO for FLINT.

Physical dimensions

Model	FL1	FL2-SP
Laser head (L × W × H)	430 × 197 × 114 mm	542 × 322 × 146 mm
Power supply and chiller rack (L × W × H)	642 × 553 × 540 mm	642 × 553 × 673 mm
Chiller	Different options available. Contact sales@lightcon.com

Environmental & Utility Requirements

Model	FL1	FL2-SP
Operating temperature	15 – 30 ºC (air conditioning recommended)
Relative humidity	< 80% (non condensing)
Electrical requirements	100 V AC, 7 A – 240 V AC, 3 A; 50 – 60 Hz	100 V AC, 12 A – 240 V AC, 5 A; 50 – 60 Hz
Rated power	200 W
Power consumption	100 W	150 W
Chiller
Power consumption	200 W	800 W

General performance

Typical spectrum of FLINT-FL2-SP

Typical pulse duration of FLINT-FL2-SP

Typical beam profile of FLINT-FL2-SP

Typical spectrum of FLINT-FL1

Typical pulse duration of FLINT-FL1

Typical beam profile of FLINT-FL1

Stability

FLINT-FL2 (20 W) output power stability under harsh environmental conditions over 7 days

Relative intensity noise (RIN) of FLINT oscillator, shot-noise limited at -160 dBc/Hz above 1 MHz

CEP stabilization and repetition rate locking

Phase noise data of CEP locked FLINT oscillator

Phase noise data of FLINT oscillator locked to a 2.8 GHz RF source

Timing jitter stability over 14 h; FLINT oscillator locked to a 2.8 GHz RF source

Drawings & Images

FLINT-FL2 Femtosecond Oscillator with integrated HG

FLINT-FL2 outline drawing

FLINT-FL1 Femtosecond Oscillator

FLINT-FL1 outline drawing

Automated Second Harmonic Generator

FLINT oscillators equipped with an automated second harmonic generator (HG) provide a selection of fundamental (1H) or second harmonic (2H) outputs using software control. The HG is fully integrated into the industrial-grade system.

In case fundamental and second harmonic outputs are required simultaneously or higher harmonics are required, then HIRO harmonic generator is the solution.

CEP Stabilization

FLINT oscillators can be equipped with feedback electronics for carrier-envelope phase (CEP) stabilization of the output pulses. The carrier-envelope offset (CEO) of the oscillator is actively locked to 1/4th of the repetition rate with a <100 mrad standard deviation.

Phase noise data of CEP locked FLINT oscillator

Repetition Rate Locking

FLINT oscillators are customizable for repetition rate locking applications. Coupled with the necessary feedback electronics, the repetition rate can be synchronized to an external RF source using the two piezo stages installed inside the cavity.

The repetition rate locking system can assure an integrated timing jitter of less than 200 fs for RF reference frequencies larger than 500 MHz. Continuous phase shifting is available on request.

Phase noise data of FLINT oscillator locked to a 2.8 GHz RF source

Timing jitter stability over 14 h; FLINT oscillator locked to a 2.8 GHz RF source

Publications

Spatiotemporal imaging of charge transfer in photocatalyst particles

R. Chen, Z. Ren, Y. Liang, G. Zhang, T. Dittrich, R. Liu, Y. Liu, Y. Zhao, S. Pang, H. An et al., Nature 7931 (610), 296-301 (2022).

All-optical polarization and amplitude modulation of second-harmonic generation in atomically thin semiconductors

S. Klimmer, O. Ghaebi, Z. Gan, A. George, A. Turchanin, G. Cerullo, and G. Soavi, (2021).

Nonlinear optics Laser pumping and seeding FLINT

Classification of Analgesic Drugs in Primary Packaging by Applying Multivariate Methods to Terahertz Spectra

A. V. Lyakhnovich, G. V. Sinitsyn, M. A. Khodasevich, and D. A. Borisevich, Journal of Applied Spectroscopy 5 (88), 1008-1011 (2021).

THz generation FLINT

Compact millijoule Yb3+:CaF2 laser with 162 fs pulses

M. Loeser, C. Bernert, D. Albach, K. Zeil, U. Schramm, and M. Siebold, Optics Express 6 (29), 9199 (2021).

Laser pumping and seeding FLINT TIPA

Flexible four-dimensional optical data storage enabled by single-pulse femtosecond laser irradiation in thermoplastic polyurethane

W. Chen, Z. Yan, J. Tian, S. Liu, J. Gao, and J. Zhang, (2021).

Volume modification FLINT

Influence of the piezoelectric ringing on the polarisation contrast of the KRTP Pockels cell in the modulation frequency range up to 10 MHz

D. Samsonas, D. Petrulionis, D. Grigaitis, and M. Vengris, in Components and Packaging for Laser Systems VII, A. L. Glebov, and P. O. Leisher, eds. (SPIE, 2021).

Nonlinear optics FLINT

Spatially heterogeneous ultrafast interfacial carrier dynamics of 2D-MoS2 flakes

Y. Liang, B. Li, Z. Li, G. Zhang, J. Sun, C. Zhou, Y. Tao, Y. Ye, Z. Ren, and X. Yang, 21, 100506 (2021).

Photoemission spectroscopy FLINT

Ultrafast Spectroscopic Analysis of Pressure-Induced Variations of Excited-State Energy and Intramolecular Proton Transfer in Semi-Aliphatic Polyimide Films

E. Fujiwara, R. Orita, A. Vyšniauskas, M. Franckevičius, R. Ishige, V. Gulbinas, and S. Ando, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 9 (125), 2425-2434 (2021).

Fluorescence spectroscopy FLINT HIRO