Applications

Laser-induced photopolymerization, also known as direct laser lithography or direct laser writing, is a technique for the formation of 3D nanostructures in photosensitive resins.

Several laser-based techniques, such as LIPSS, LIL, and DLIP, enable rigid micro and nanostructuring of metal, semiconductor, glass, and other material surfaces.

Femtosecond laser writing enables vacancy-related color centers writing in silicon carbide and gallium nitride, relevant for applications in quantum technologies.

Highly focused ultrashort pulses enable volume modification of transparent materials, such as glass, sapphire, and other crystals. 

Femtosecond lasers offer exceptional presicion and minimal thermal damage; thus, they can be applied as treating and surgical tools in such medical disciplines as ophthalmology.