Applications
Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy
Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy (2DIR) is a nonlinear infrared spectroscopy technique investigating vibrational modes in condensed-phase systems. The technique provides information beyond linear spectra by spreading the vibrational information along multiple axes, which yields a frequency correlation spectrum with information on vibrational mode coupling, as well as chemical and molecular dynamics with femtosecond resolution.
According to Gelžinis et al., the key strengths of 2D spectroscopy are the following. First, the uncoupling of time and excitation frequency resolution allows the researchers to follow specific states’ dynamics with selective excitation and excellent time resolution. Second, the lack of background signals means that an excellent signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved. Third, a single run of 2D spectroscopy provides information with a wide range of excitation frequencies while using the pump-probe technique that requires many separate measurements. All things considered, for the last fifteen years, 2D spectroscopy has contributed heavily to our understanding of excitation dynamics in photosynthetic molecular complexes. It is a safe bet that it will continue to do so for the foreseeable future.
2DIR experiments have become possible with the development of ultrafast lasers, such as PHAROS and CARBIDE, and the ability to generate femtosecond infrared pulses, e.g., using ORPHEUS-MIR broad bandwidth mid-IR source.
Two-dimensional spectroscopy may be also used in the VIS spectral range, where electronic states are investigated; see two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES).
- Tunable pulse duration, 100 fs – 20 ps
- Maximum pulse energy of up to 4 mJ
- Down to < 100 fs right at the output
- Pulse-on-demand and BiBurst for pulse control
- Up to 5th harmonic or tunable extensions
- CEP stabilization or repetition rate locking
- Thermally-stabilized and sealed design
- Tunable pulse duration, 190 fs – 20 ps
- Maximum output of 120 W and 2 mJ
- Single-shot – 2 MHz repetition rate
- Pulse-on-demand and BiBurst for pulse control
- Up to 5th harmonic or tunable extensions
- Air-cooled model
- Compact industrial-grade design
- Broad-bandwidth MIR pulses at high repetition rate
- Continuously tunable in 2500 – 15 000 nm range
- Short-pulse high-energy auxiliary output at 2000 nm
- Pumped by industrial-grade lasers for high stability
- CEP-stable option
- High conversion efficiency in MIR, 1350 – 16000 nm
- High energy and high power models for all needs
- Single-shot – 2 MHz repetition rate
- Up to 80 W pump power
- Up to 2 mJ pump pulse energy
- Continuous tunability from UV to MIR, 190 – 16000 nm
- High energy and high power models for all needs
- Single-shot – 2 MHz repetition rate
- Up to 80 W pump power
- Up to 2 mJ pump pulse energy
Broadband Multidimensional Spectroscopy Identifies the Amide II Vibrations in Silkworm Films
A. S. Chatterley, P. Laity, C. Holland, T. Weidner, S. Woutersen, and G. Giubertoni, Molecules 19 (27), 6275 (2022).
Measuring Protein Conformation at Aqueous Interfaces with 2D Infrared Spectroscopy of Emulsions
A. S. Chatterley, T. W. Golbek, and T. Weidner, The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 31 (13), 7191-7196 (2022).
Structure and Orientation of the SARS-Coronavirus-2 Spike Protein at Air–Water Interfaces
M. Bregnhøj, S. J. Roeters, A. S. Chatterley, F. Madzharova, R. Mertig, J. S. Pedersen, and T. Weidner, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 18 (126), 3425-3430 (2022).
An ultrafast vibrational study of dynamical heterogeneity in the protic ionic liquid ethyl-ammonium nitrate. I. Room temperature dynamics
C. A. Johnson, A. W. Parker, P. M. Donaldson, and S. Garrett‑Roe, The Journal of Chemical Physics 13 (154), 134502 (2021).
Electrostatics Trigger Interfacial Self-Assembly of Bacterial Ice Nucleators
F. Madzharova, M. Bregnhøj, A. S. Chatterley, K. B. Løvschall, T. Drace, L. S. A. Dreyer, T. Boesen, and T. Weidner, Biomacromolecules 2 (23), 505-512 (2021).
Hydrogen Bond Exchange and Ca2+Binding of AqueousN-Methylacetamide Revealed by 2DIR Spectroscopy
O. M. Cracchiolo, D. K. Geremia, S. A. Corcelli, and A. L. Serrano, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 32 (124), 6947-6954 (2020).
Shot-to-shot 2D IR spectroscopy at 100 kHz using a Yb laser and custom-designed electronics
K. M. Farrell, J. S. Ostrander, A. C. Jones, B. R. Yakami, S. S. Dicke, C. T. Middleton, P. Hamm, and M. T. Zanni, Optics Express 22 (28), 33584 (2020).
A 100 kHz Pulse Shaping 2D-IR Spectrometer Based on Dual Yb:KGW Amplifiers
P. M. Donaldson, G. M. Greetham, D. J. Shaw, A. W. Parker, and M. Towrie, The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 3 (122), 780-787 (2018).
Temperature-Induced Collapse of Elastin-like Peptides Studied by 2DIR Spectroscopy
O. Selig, A. V. Cunha, M. B. van Eldijk, J. C. M. van Hest, T. L. C. Jansen, H. J. Bakker, and Y. L. A. Rezus, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 34 (122), 8243-8254 (2018).
Interplay of Ion–Water and Water–Water Interactions within the Hydration Shells of Nitrate and Carbonate Directly Probed with 2D IR Spectroscopy
J. A. Fournier, W. Carpenter, L. D. Marco, and A. Tokmakoff, Journal of the American Chemical Society 30 (138), 9634-9645 (2016).